Using Adverb Clauses with

 Expressions of Cause and Effect

These type of clauses explain the reasons for what happens in the main clause. Example: He bought a new home because he got a better job.. Take a look at the chart below to study the various usages of different expressions of cause and effect. Note that all of these expressions are synonyms of 'because'.

Punctuation

When an adverb clause begins the sentence use a comma to separate the two clauses. Example: Because he had to work late, we had dinner after nine o'clock.. When the adverb clause finishes the sentence there is no need for a comma. Example: We had dinner after nine o'clock because he had to work late.

For more information about how to use these words click on the link for an explanation of the usage

Because	They received a high mark on their exam because they had studied hard. I'm studying hard because I want to pass my exam. He works a lot of overtime because his rent is so expensive	Notice how because can be used with a variety of tenses based on the time relationship between the two clauses.
Since	Since he loves music so much, he decided to go to a conservatory. They had to leave early since their train left at 8.30.	'Since' means the same as because. 'Since' tends to be used in more informal spoken English. Important note: "Since" when used as a conjunction is typically used to refer to a period of time, while "because" implies a cause or reason.

When

He was talking on the phone when I arrived. When she called, he had already eaten lunch. I washed the dishes when my daughter fell asleep. We'll go to lunch when you come to visit.

'When' means 'at that moment, at that time, etc.'. Notice the different tenses used in relationship to the clause beginning with when. It is important to remember that 'when' takes either the simple past OR the present - the dependent clause changes tense in relation to the 'when' clause.

As

As the test is difficult, you had better get some sleep.

'As' means the same as because. 'As' tends to be used in more formal, written English.

1. I have not seen Mary …….she left here with her husband.
1) when2) as3) since4) whether

2 . ……… The weather was not fine , we couldn’t go walking
1) when 2) whether3) neither4) as
3 . Exercise is good for you …..you are fat or thin.
1)as2)since3) when4) whether
4…….. you aren’t able to answer, we may ask some one else.
1) since2) whether3) when4) or

An Apple A Day  


Keeps The Doctor Away

Learn what the best exercise would be to lose weight permanently.

Exercises performed incorrectly will make fat burning a slow process!

From 'Games for Language Learning

by Andrew Wright, David Betteridge and Michael Buckby
Cambridge University Press

'Language learning is hard work ... Effort is required at every moment and must be maintained over a long period of time. Games help and encourage many learners to sustain their interest and work.'

'Games also help the teacher to create contexts in which the language is useful and meaningful. The learners want to take part and in order to do so must understand what others are saying or have written, and they must speak or write in order to express their own point of view or give information.'

'The need for meaningfulness in language learning has been accepted for some years. A useful interpretation of 'meaningfulness' is that the learners respond to the content in a definite way. If they are amused, angered, intrigued or surprised the content is clearly meaningful to them. Thus the meaning of the language they listen to, read, speak and write will be more vividly experienced and, therefore, better remembered.

If it is accepted that games can provide intense and meaningful practice of language, then they must be regarded as central to a teacher's repertoire. They are thus not for use solely on wet days and at the end of term!'